Butler, U. (2022). Islamophobia in the digital age: a study of anti-Muslim tweets. Islamic Council of Victoria.

Country

Albania Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands North Macedonia Poland Portugal Romania Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden

Title

Butler, U. (2022). Islamophobia in the digital age: a study of anti-Muslim tweets. Islamic Council of Victoria.

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Year

2022

Publication type

Report - unofficial (CSO) data on incidents

Geographical coverage

International

Area/location of interest

Not applicable - European level

Type of Institution

Civil Society Organisation

Institution

International, Islamic Council of Victoria

Thematic focus

Discrimination Hate speech: Public incitement to hatred or violence Harassment

Groups

Muslims

Key findings

Globally, there were at least 3,759,180 anti-Muslim posts made on Twitter between August 2019 and August 2021. After close to a year, 85% of hateful tweets were still online. Most (86%) of the geolocated anti-Muslim posts originated in India, the US and the UK. The study found a correlation between newsworthy Islam-related events like protests, attacks or conflicts and an increase in hateful online Tweets.

Methodology (Qualitative/Quantitative and exact type used, questionnaires etc)

Quantitative (analysis of tweets collected through Boolean query)

Sample details and representativeness

6,603,114 tweets posted between 28 August 2019 and 27 August 2021

DISCLAIMERThe information presented here is collected under contract by the FRA's research network FRANET. The information and views contained do not necessarily reflect the views or the official position of the FRA.